GHULAM ZAFARI
(1889-1938)
Ghulam Zafari is a prolific creator, who holds a worthy place in the history of the Uzbek national theater, theater criticism, music culture, and, moreover, our national literature. He was born in 1889 in the Kattabogh neighborhood of Beshyogoch Dahasi, Tashkent. First he was educated in an old school, a private Russian school, a skyscraper madrasa. He taught in Osh from 1912-1924. From 1914 he acted in the troupe “Turon” in Tashkent, worked as a teacher. Since 1917, the magazine” world of workers”, as well as activities in the lands of knowledge.
Ghulam Zafari’s oeuvre dates from 1914, when he first became known for his poems. He then wrote a one-veiled pieza,” the unfortunate disciple “(1914), then created piesa and epics, such as” Spring”,” Gunafh”,” ambush”,” Bright”,” The Merciful teacher”,” in the grave”,” the Bragger”,” the Tatimboy father”,” The Shepherd Iron “(1924), and” The Young are no longer given ” (1926).
As a writer, playwright, Ghulam Zafari was best known for his play” Halima”. “Halima”, written in 1920, was staged by Mannon Uyghur in the troupe” Turon ” on September 14 of that year. This work is the first-born national musical drama, The Musical decoration of which was also performed by the author himself with the help of the famous singer Shorahim Shoumarov and the Mullah satirist Hofiz. At the same time, “Halima” was rated as a National opera for its time. Professor Fitrat also called the work an opera.
Ghulam Zafari was a literal intellectual who knew very well the Uzbek national songs, status and status branches. Among his articles are” oriental music and instruments”,” the problem of music”,” on Uzbek music”.
In the history of Uzbek musical culture, he is known as the author of musical stage works, collector of national musical samples and researcher. Ghulam Zafari and his ranks (Fitrat, V.Uspensky, Elbek) as a result of the first musical-folkloric expeditions organized due to his enthusiasm, a system of collecting and studying the heritage of music was founded: in the early 1920s, a copy of the Tanbur line was found in Bukhara, in 1923-24 Bukhara Shashmaqom”, in 1925 Sh.For the first time, the Tashkent-Fergana Maqam roads from shoumarov were recorded on the note. On the basis of the results of the expedition organized with Elbek to Fergana, the first (although it was done without note writing) systematic edition of national musical folklore-the collection “Songs” — was prepared.
Ghulam Zafari was repressed in 1937 and executed on 4 December 1938.