ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BABUR
(1483-1530)
Adib, poet, scholar, major statesman and sarkarda, who had a special place in medieval eastern culture, literature and poetry. Babur, with his broad worldview and excellent intelligence, founded the Baburid dynasty in India, which left a name in the history of the country. The work “The Beaver”, written in Uzbek, is also among the world’s famous historiographical scholars. His elegant ghazals and rubois were the rarest masterpieces of Turkic poetry, and his treatises on “Mubayyin” (“explained”), “Hatti Baburiy”, “the work of the Harb”, and Aruz were worthy contributions to the fields of Islamic jurisprudence, poetry, and language theory. Fond of literature, elegant art, beauty of nature from an early age, Zahiriddin, like all Timurid princes, took the foundation of these sciences at the court of his father, under the guidance of mature teachers. During the period 1519-1525, he fought several campaigns for the conquest of India. The victory at the Battle of Sikri gave Babur the opportunity to permanently establish his rule in India and establish the Baburi dynasty. Known as the “Great Mughals” in ovropa historiography, in fact the “Baburid dynasty” ruled India for over 300 years. In the presence of Babur and his ruling descendants, a perfect spiritual and spiritual atmosphere arose, which embodied the progressive and mentally sharp scientists, poets, musicologists and statesmen of that time. In addition to his large-scale public works in India, Babur also continued his literary and artistic career, creating the works mentioned above.
In the lyrics of Babur, the main content of poetry, human qualities, yor vasli, his beauty, endless love for him, the torment of Hijra, the signs of bereavement and the joy of the visol, are finally beautifully and skillfully expressed.
In addition to his lyrical poems and historical “Boburnoma”, Babur also produced works in Islamic jurisprudence and other fields. In his work “Mubayyin”, written in 1522 as a tribute to his son Humoyun, he commented on the contemporary tax system, the laws of tax collection, who was taxed under Sharia, and other matters in Nazm. In his treatise” Hatti Baburiy”, he attempted to simplify the Arabic alphabet in a somewhat unambiguous way from the point of view of Turkic languages, in particular Uzbek. He copied the Quran Karim in the “Hatti Baburi” Alphabet as an experiment. Babur is also known to have had a work entitled “Mufassal”, which dealt with the issues of aruz vase and rhyme, but the work has not reached us.
With his known and famous works, Babur occupies a worthy place in the history of the spiritual culture of our people as a historiographer, lyric poet and scholar who contributed to the solution of social issues.