LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
(1770—1827)
Ludwig van Beethoven is a German composer. Bonn is born into a family of musicians. Beethoven’s first music teacher was his father, whose irascible and clumsy character almost completely cools the child from reading. He was the court capelmaster (head of the chapel) K. G. He learns more from NEFE. Beethoven was appointed organist of the kurführst Chapel in 1785. In 1792, on the orders of (ruler) Max Franz II, he traveled to Vienna to improve his qualifications. Musician I.Schenck and J.From gaydn, after Gaydn left for England in 1794 – A.Salieri and I.G.Educated from the albrechtsbergers.
Beethoven’s most important works were created in the mid-80s: piano sonatas No. 8 (“Potetic”) and No. 14 (“Moon”; name given after the author’s death), the oratorio “Jesus on the Mount of Olives” (1802-1803), the “Kreitzer Sonata” for violin and piano (1803), the third (“heroic”) Symphony (1804; originally the author wanted to dedicate this work to Napoleon I, but after he declared himself emperor, Fidelio “opera ( 1805, staged in Vienna). In 1809, Erchgertsog Rudolf, Prince Lobkowitz and count Kinsky invite Beethoven to stay, work and give concerts in Vienna. After that, he constantly lives in this city. In 1814, the composer reaches the peak of Fame. But his life is darkened by deafness, which he first felt in 1797.
Illness forces him to completely abandon his concert career. However, Beethoven continues to write music even after he has completely lost his hearing. In the last years of his life, he creates five piano sonatas (32 in total), five string quartets. The unique synthesis and peak of Beethoven’s entire work is F. With a choir created into the words of Schiller’s Qasida of “joy” – a manifestation at the conclusion of the Ninth Symphony (1823).. He had written the work when he was seriously ill, suffering from loneliness and disillusionment with people.
Perhaps the main theme of Beethoven’s work can be called the idea of a heroic struggle for freedom in accordance with the Revolutionary era. At the same time, his music also describes the most subtle lyrical experiences. He died in Vienna on 26 March 1827.